Conservation efforts have resulted in the establishment of three national parks. A devastating drought affecting two-thirds of the country this year has added to the woes of a population caught in an escalating conflict. Afghanistan is one of the frontline countries taking forward affordable ecosystem-based solutions to reducing disaster risk. Are you sure you want to print? 80 per cent of agricultural land is used for livestock feed. Periodic drought occurred several times in the past century, so that only the uppermost of the lakes, where the river drained, remained flooded, says Partow. The greatest challenge by far, however, has been securing enough water. UN Environment is committed to furthering the gains made in sustainable development in Afghanistan over the past decade. Conserv. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Meet 12 Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Our Wildlife From Extinction, India's Leopard God, Waghoba, Aids Wildlife Conservation In The Country, India's Bishnoi Community Has Fearlessly Protected Nature For Over 500 Years, Wildfires And Habitat Loss Are Killing Jaguars In The Amazon Rainforest, In India's Sundarbans: Where People Live Face-To-Face With Wild Tigers, Africa's "Thunderbird" Is At Risk Of Extinction. In 2020, 175 hectares of mangrove ecosystems were sustainably managed. 60, 1195 (1973). As part of this, CSIS continues to screen applicants from Afghanistan, referred by IRCC, as part of the Government of Canada . For me, this project is about preserving the beauty of the place and protecting the environment for future generations. The Hamoun is one of the few sources of fresh water for hundreds of kilometers, and numerous species of plants and animals came to rely on its reeded shallows. 26 April 2017 Mountain Partners: Applying Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) for Sustainable and Resilient Development Planning in the Koh-E Baba Mountains, Afghanistan Download (Free: 1.54 MB ) Price Haiti, the Sahel (Burkina Faso and Mali) and the Sudan have been elevated to the highest concern levels; this is due to severe movement restrictions of people and goods in Haiti, as well as in Burkina Faso and Mali, and the recent eruption of conflict in the Sudan. Reaching their greatest extent with spring floods, these wetlands once covered an area ranging from 2,000 to 4,000 square kilometers, says Partow. Climate action, 15. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. Approximately 90 percent of Mongolia is highly prone to desertification and 57 percent of the countrys grasslands are degraded to some degree. Global movement against plastic pollution: Millions seek solutions this World Environment Day, Mangrove restoration gives hope to Indonesia's sinking shores, UNEP Executive Director urges countries to boost climate finance in wake of Pakistan floods, Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) on Plastic Pollution, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. MDRAFRPM21, Afghanistan: Scenarios - Possible developments in household livelihoods and purchasing power over the next 20 months (April 2023), Regional Population Movement - Afghanistan: Preparedness and Response - Operation Update #4, Emergency appeal no. Various initiatives are springing-up to replicate and take to scale community-based ecosystem management actions to help mitigate the frequent floods, droughts and landslide hazards threatening many Afghan communities. Cattle, goat, and sheep ranchers tended over one million domesticated animals in the region. UNEP Terms of Use PrivacyReport Project Concern Report Scam Contact Us. Such a correlation suggests the drought may be part of an overall climate change that coincides with a worldwide increase in higher surface temperatures. Gissaro-Alai open woodlands; Montane grasslands . More information about our work in Afghanistan is available here. 16, 319329 (2002). So, while countries around the world must continue to reduce carbon emissions as quickly as possible, we also need to find ways to adapt to what is already becoming the new normal. The Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow features montane grasslands and shrublands above the treeline. Conserv. 48 years ago, in the small village of Kuz Metakhil, local fa Poppy cultivation involves a highly labor-intensive process requiring entire families to work, causing not only physical, but mental fatigue. These instruments could only detect a few bands (colors) of light. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Afghanistan embodies a new breed of international crisis, where the hazards of war collide with the hazards of climate change, creating a nightmarish feedback loop that punishes some of the. Located on the border of present-day Afghanistan and . With the ranges strategic location at the crossroads of the historic Silk Road, the new agreement seeks to solidify the alliance between the two countries in protecting the fragile mountain ecosystem by mitigating the environmental impacts of future investment plans in infrastructure, extractives and trade, as well as supporting local communities in adapting to climate change through sustainable natural resource management practices. Mangrove forests provide many important ecosystem services. Historically, however, these changes have taken place gradually. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Ecology & Evolution (Nat Ecol Evol) Sistan has become a focal point for refugees from all over Afghanistan, hosting an estimated 320,000. Int. The harm is already evident in the increased frequency of droughts, which are causing hunger and distress, and unfortunately, it is now clear that 2022 will be yet another year of drought in most parts of the country. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. They fashioned long reed boats to navigate the shallow waters and erected squat, red clay houses to withstand the heat of the desert. The results were staggering: 53 percent of lakes globally experienced a decline in water storage. Researchers do not yet know how much of the drying is due to the drought and how much is due to irrigation. 14, 16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01655-1. Seminars, discussions and more from PeaceRep consortium members. ISSN 2397-334X (online). 17, 68123 (1930). Many ecosystems are degraded. Responsible consumption and production, 13. To the Editor Around the world, biodiversity and conservation are often seriously negatively impacted by war and terrorism1,2. CAS A different kind of ecosystem has emerged in its wake, mainly focused on resettlement and protection of Afghan human rights defenders, which needs to be strengthened and expanded upon. From Wetland to Wasteland. The agreement provides a structured framework for Afghanistan and Tajikistan to practically address the threats of climate change and biodiversity loss. Due to the remoteness of and conflicts surrounding the Hamoun, scientists of the last century did not have the opportunity to closely monitor the wetlands. Documenting the Hamoun Disaster Initially, the project encountered some challenges. The agreement, which was signed in Dushanbe on 17 September 2020 and has a five-year duration, focuses on five key areas: climate change adaptation; biodiversity conservation; monitoring of water quality; environmental assessment and sharing of knowledge and expertise on ecosystem management. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. We now receive a lot of requests for trees, as communities learn more about the benefits of tree planting in wildlife and rangeland management, he adds. Our work on the Sustainable Development Goals. Animals that could not sustain themselves in the desert or make the long journey to another oasis died. Today, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), leading cloud services provider Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Elitery, an IT managed services provider, announced the launch of Acceleration of Indonesia's Transformation to a Digital Economy by Improving Digital Talent (TALENTA), a new partnership to strengthen Indonesia's digital ecosystem. With the archived data, Partow had nearly 30 years worth of images of the wetlands to analyze. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Digital ecosystems impactand are impacted byoverarching country environments, including the conflict and violence dynamics in country environments. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. A concerted approach, leveraging the technical and policy direction of agencies like National Environmental Protection Agency, and of implementing agencies such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, is vital to ongoing achievements. Their livelihood was based almost entirely on hunting, fishing, and farming. Moheb, Z., Jahed, N. & Noori, H. DSG Newsletter 28, 512 (2016). Afghanistan provides high transferability potential to other developing and post-conflict countries, where ecosystem services have not been mainstreamed into the development thinking of the country, and because short-term survival needs have been prioritized over longer-term sustainability. Understory vegetation include herbs and grasses. A different kind of ecosystem has emerged in its wake, mainly focused on resettlement and protection of Afghan human rights defenders, which needs to be strengthened and expanded upon. Importantly, we should always find ways to work with nature if we want the most sustainable solutions. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Oryx 45, 265271 (2011). It stores only one piece of information the fact that youve visited the website before. Green and resilient development plans were first created. Flight Center. Situated in eastern Afghanistan, the Paktia province used to be renowned for its pine nut forests. Hassan Partow, Programme Manager, Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch, UN Environment. Birds of different sizes, reptiles, rodents, canidae, amd other wild mammals inhabit the area. But over the last 50 years, illegal logging has almost devastated them. The following is a list of ecoregions in Afghanistan, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF): Terrestrial ecoregions Temperate coniferous forests. Investments in Eco-DRR interventions are getting a substantial boost with the launch of several projects in the highly vulnerable mountain areas of the country. Among the best remote sensing instruments for monitoring this type of change are the Landsat instruments. Hanson, T. et al. He is currently a Post-Doctoral research fellow at IUAV Architecture University in Venice, Italy. The application of Eco-DRR practices through these projects as well as the national conference on Eco-DRR in early 2019 are evidence of growing momentum towards upscaling this cost-effective means of addressing disaster risk and climate change across Afghanistan, ultimately contributing to achieving the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in the country. With a resolution of 30 meters, the images still are not well suited for viewing anything smaller than an office building. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. . Mr. Dardari holds an MA in international relations and economics from the University of Southern California and London School of Economics (LSE) and a doctorate in economics from Richmond University in London. Irrigated agriculture has significantly expanded since the 1970s despite all the conflict in the region, says Partow. To do so, ACAPS analysed the data and analysis landscape for the humanitarian response in Afghanistan through a secondary review of the main humanitarian information management (IM) products (1,200) published between 20192021. 68, 299312 (2011). Depending on what the study uncovers, they may draft an outline suggesting ways to restore the wetlands. Unfortunately, many species, including the snow leopard, are considered globally or regionally In Afghanistan, for example, where it has warmed 1.8C since the 1950s, glaciers in the Hindu Kush are melting and floods and droughts are getting worse. Earth Science Data Centers. Government agencies have encouraged the local populace to participate in the conservation of the ecological resources of the country. Ostrowski, S. et al. Earth observation satellites were therefore the most practical and cost effective tools available, says Partow. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Decades of conflict and violence, coupled with drought and earthquakes, have had devastating impacts not only on the people of Afghanistan, but also on its natural environment, once pristine and rich in biological diversity. Each time, the region bounced back when the rains and floodwaters from the Helmand River returned. The river pours out of the Afghan highlands, flows silently west through the Margo Desert, and dumps its contents into the evaporation pans of Irans Sistan Basin to form the Hamoun. East Afghan montane conifer forests; Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan (UNEP, 2008). Kabul [Afghanistan], May 31 (ANI): The drug cartels in Afghanistan are serving the symbiotic relationship with the Taliban by giving farmers the advances to plant the ephedra and opium while the other giving financial assistance to keep the "jihadist proto-state alive," Khaama Press reported. NASA Goddard Space Copyright 2023 United Nations in Afghanistan. In 7 villages, tree nurseries were established and 235,380 tree cuttings were planted in selected hazard-prone areas to reforest and . It can help to end poverty, combat climate change and prevent a mass extinction and enhance sustainable production. Drug trafficking in Afghanistan had become one of the important sources [] Implemented by the government in collaboration with UN Environment and local NGOs with financial support from the European Community, the Bamyan experience is serving as a model for promoting Eco-DRR measures at the local level. Caption: Signing ceremony by the heads of Afghan and Tajik environmental authorities. The wetlands have been replaced mostly by lifeless salt flats and decaying reed stands. Surprisingly, the heavily irrigated wetlands remained vital almost until the turn of this millennium. PeaceRep: The Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform, University of Edinburgh, Understanding Taliban Policies & Priorities from Budget Expenditures & Revenues. Conservation groups see human impact and water diversion projects as a threat to the region. Aishwarya Maheshwari. It does not store any personal data. Conifer pines thrive here such as firs, cedars, cypresses, spruce, juniper, pine, yew, and redwood. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Switch to simplified version (slow internet connection), Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license. Forests of birch trees dominate the surrounding area. Here are three concrete ways FAO is actively working to restore ecosystems: 1) Reforestation of Afghanistans pine nut forests. Afghanistan is a country in Central Asia. A new project, the Community-based Climate-responsive Livelihoods and Forestry (CCLF), is also being developed by UNDP, MAIL and GEF to introduce climate-smart forestry management systems to Afghanistan. The author declares no competing interests. Compared to the long-term average, precipitation in the Sistan Basin dropped by 78 percent in 2001. "It was a full moon that night," Chea says . Find out more about our work towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Within the past five years, however, the once fertile wetlands have deteriorated rapidly. Located at the intersection of land and sea, mangroves play a key role in coastal erosion control and provide protection from storm surges for coastal communities and habitats. With financial backing from GEF, the programme, called the Coastal Fisheries Initiative (CFI), is restoring degraded mangroves so that they can retain their important role in balancing ecosystems. UN Environment works with governments, the private sector, civil society and with other UN entities and international organizations across the world. The new government in Kabul, however, agreed to open the sluices again in late October, and the water reached the Iranian border a few days later. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Pro. Global movement against plastic pollution: Millions seek solutions this World Environment Day, Strengthening environmental governance and building institutions, Providing technical assistance in fulfilling the administrative obligations of each ratified convention, Putting in place robust knowledge management and environmental outreach activities, Developing community-based natural resources management, Preserving the countrys diverse landscape, Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) on Plastic Pollution, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. An entire culture formed around the Hamoun with a way of life suited to the desert wetlands. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The rest of the wetlands now give off the harsh glare of dried salt flats. Afghanistan is one of the frontline countries taking forward affordable ecosystem-based solutions to reducing disaster risk. It is within a 55,328 square-mile area with around 45 mammal species thriving within its expanse. MDRAFRPM21, Afghanistan 2023 IFRC network country plan (MAAAF001). Most of the crops have been reduced to dustbowl conditions, hundreds of thousands of livestock have been lost, and every fishery has been closed. This report assesses the current ecosystem for tech startups in the Philippines, focusing on four sectors: climate change, education, agriculture, and health. As part of a United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) initiative to identify hotspots of environmental change around the world, researcher Hassan Partow decided to examine the degradation of the wetlands. Afghanistan is a landlocked country with varying topography, from vast plains to mountainous regions with great rivers flowing through its numerous landscapes. Amid these circumstances, nature-based solutions to reduce disaster risk are gathering momentum in Afghanistan. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". City view. Kabul, 12 December 2018 With an urgent need to scale up disaster risk reduction across Afghanistan and to address humanitarian needs, UN Environment carried out a three-day interactive training course in Kabul from 10 -12 December 2018, to examine the challenges and opportunities for advancing ecosystem-based disaster reduction measures in humanitarian action and development planning. Afghanistan has faced prolonged civil war and political instability over the past 40 years, and the immediate direct and indirect impacts of war and terrorism on biodiversity are evident and enduring2,3,4. Document Type. Life on land, Left/top: One FAO project is helping plant pine and walnut forests in Afghanistan. For local communities, the unique fishing opportunities mangroves offer represent livelihoods and nutrition. The following ecoregions (and their biomes) are also located in Afghanistan. Grass, trees, shrubs, heaths, and pastures mark the landscape in these open woodlands. Hassinger, J. Fieldiana Zool. Furthermore, a community garden was established to involve women in natural resource management. Here are three concrete ways FAO is actively working to restore ecosystems: 1) Reforestation of Afghanistan's pine nut forests Situated in eastern Afghanistan, the Paktia province used to be renowned for its pine nut forests. The ecosystem for human rights promotion and protection that had developed in Afghanistan over the previous twenty years effectively collapsed in the summer of 2021. UN Environments Afghanistan programme focuses on building environmental resilience and sustainability throughout the country through: To achieve the above, the programme involves training and mentoring government counterparts, undertaking flagship demonstration projects, and providing technical assistance and advice in the fields of: environmental coordination, environmental law and policy, environmental education and awareness, community-based natural resource management, climate change adaption, protected areas, ecological disaster risk reduction and multilateral environmental agreements. Thus, ecosystems can shape the creation, sustainability, and scale of SEs. This has been a welcome sight for the members of the local community. Acute water shortages gave rise to an increase in diarrheal and communicable diseases. Its total land area is around 252,000 square miles, and features spectacularly high mountainous landscapes, and a collection of forests, woodlands, and deserts. Moses Osani, News and Media Unit, UN Environment. Before joining UNDP, Mr. Dardari served as the Deputy Prime Minister and Chair of State Planning Commission of Syria, a Senior Advisor to the World Bank, and Deputy Executive Secretary and Chief Economist of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. 2022. How Is Climate Change Impacting The Water Cycle? Our focus going forward is to make sure that even when the project ends, local communities will have acquired practical knowledge of disaster mitigation, he says. UN Environments support has since expanded to focus on rebuilding structures of governance and on addressing urgent urban environmental and natural resource management issues. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Crazy Egg: used to identify returning visitors. This report aims to analyse the current information and analysis ecosystem in the Afghanistan response. Dushanbe/Kabul, 24 September - The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Republic of Tajikistan have taken an important step in strengthening joint efforts to protect their unique, shared mountain ecosystem of the Panj Amu Darya river basin with the signing of the two nations' first-ever bilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on environmental protection. UNDP / S. Omer Sadaat / 2018. Using various combinations of bands from these images, he retrieved valuable information about the wetlands and the areas surrounding them. Would you like to load the standard version of the site even though? The East Afghan montane conifer forests at 6,562 to 10,827 feet in elevation feature temperate coniferous forests. Even the uppermost regions of the Hamoun began to dry. There is also some speculation that the drought over the entire region may be due to climate change. Its climates are as varied as its topography of mountains, deserts, forests, and grasslands. For years, the valleys and mountain slopes of Chapqulak Qabrizaghak village in Afghanistans Bamyan Province stood bare and exposed, at the mercy of the forces of nature floods, avalanches, strong winds, dust storms. Afghanistan ranks at 122 and Pakistan is at 145 in the Paris-based Reporters San Frontiers World Press Freedom Index (both have dropped since 2019, from 121 and 142, respectively). The Hindu Kush alpine meadow features montane grasslands and shrublands in an area covering around 10,900 square miles. It is difficult to single out with certainty a specific factor responsible for the sharp drop in water levels. It provides leadership and encourages partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all material is copyright The University of Edinburgh 2023. Zoi Environment Network a non-governmental organisation based in Switzerland - also contributed to the organization of meetings and has been a long-standing partner in the Afghan-Tajik cooperation process. Climate is marked by frist and drought but is relieved by snowmelt after the winter season. Sustainable land management in the country has been hindered by a lack of capacity planning and monitoring forest resources and limited knowledge on sustainable dryland management solutions. By analyzing images composed of these three bands, Partow could see how much water and vegetation have changed in the Hamoun. Rangelands in Herat province soil becomes less sandy; shrubs grow across the rangeland after the intervention. Climate change in Afghanistan has led to a temperature increase of 1.8C since 1950 in the country. Collection of plants and animals is unregulated and has resulted in excessive removal or extermination of some species endemic to the Hindu Kush. Reset. Overview. It will also mitigate 10 302 215 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions. But its also a time to talk about climate change. Using Afghanistan as a case study, we present one of the first examples of ecosystem services assessment in a conflict region. J. Environ. Afghanistans emerging human rights ecosystem can be analysed through the conceptual lens of a civic ecosystem, highlighting a range of human rights actors and approaches across multiple sectors and geographies. United Nations Environmental Program, Oxford University Press, (in preparation). He explains that the wetlands are essentially an inland water delta created by the Helmand River. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution, Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals, Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription, Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles, Get just this article for as long as you need it, Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout. In this ecosystem the project will promote environmentally friendly, climate-smart crop and fodder production and work with local herder and forest communities to implement sustainable management and restoration of rangelands and forest patches. Analyses should account for relevant effects on ecosystem and environmental services when feasible. Between 2013 and 2016, a pioneering Eco-DRR demonstration project was piloted in the Koh-e Baba mountains in Bamyan province that has generated important lessons and insights. 2023 United Nations Development Programme, https://www.khaama.com/in-the-race-against-climate-change-ecosystems-are-key-op-ed-97987/, In the Race Against Climate Change, Ecosystems are Key. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. The communitys resilience against climate Water does not reach the hills of Nangarhar, where the ground is barren and stony and life is harsh. 12. Not more than five years ago, the annual fish catch in the region topped 5,000 kilograms (12,000 pounds). Partow warns, however, such theories must be treated with extreme caution. By ticking the box below you give your consent to the processing of your personal data by ACAPS, in accordance with the General Data Protection Rules of 2018 and our data protection policy, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license, Afghanistan: Information and analysis ecosystem, Receive the latest news direct from ACAPS, Type few letters to filter the organisations list below, You can change your mind at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in the footer of any email you receive from us, or by contacting us at. Fauna consists of ungulates, bears, snow leopard, eagles, and birds. Where do emissions come from? The MoU also fulfils the commitments made by the two countries under the Protocol of the 7th Meeting of the Intergovernmental Economic, Commercial, Social and Technical Commission (July 2019) to expand their cooperation efforts to protect and sustainably manage their natural resources. It will map critical ecological zones, conservation areas and key plant species, providing much-needed data for the Afghan government to manage forest and rangeland sustainably in face of climate change. The valley is world famous for hosting the main heritage of the Buddhist culture in Afghanistan, whose principal record was represented by the two destroyed giant Buddhas (Margottini, 2004, . Using Landsat satellite images provided in part by NASA, he pieced together a twenty-five-year history of the Hamoun wetlands. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Top Cities for Startups in Afghanistan - Ranked by StartupBlink. In the early morning of a harsh Kabul winter, almost everything is frozen, including the surface of Kol-e-Hashmat Khan lake. In Afghanistan, UNDP has been working closely with the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) with support from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to promote this ecosystem-based approach. ecosystem that takes into account drivers of forest loss, degradation and climate change impacts CONTEXT Afghanistan is a land-locked country of sweeping plains and high mountains with an incredible variety of wildlife and biodiversity. Kabul, Afghanistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan step up environmental cooperation, Welcome to the United Nations country team website of Afghanistan. Some of these changes can already be seen. The increase in people coupled with a severe drop in the quantity and quality of food resulted in increased risk of malnutrition, particularly among vulnerable groups like children and the elderly. Ecol. Afghanistans Human Rights Ecosystem after the Taliban Takeover (Afghanistan Research Network Reflection). . In Afghanistan, for example, where it has warmed 1.8C since the 1950s, glaciers in the Hindu Kush are melting and floods and droughts are getting worse. Use of chemicals and the machinery of war have damaged the ecosystems. To obtain In addition, any survey conducted by ground or by airplane today would be very time consuming, expensive, and hazardous. The conclusion of a new environmental cooperation MOU represents the second major milestone of this bilateral dialogue process, which UNEP helped facilitate, supported by the European Union, under the Opportunities for Mountain Area Integrated Development project. volume6,pages 342343 (2022)Cite this article. Landsat is the best suited satellite sensor for change detection because it covers the longest retrospective period of any satellite program, extending from the early 1970s to the present day, says Partow. Through sustainable land-use planning, reforestation and reducing human-wildlife conflicts and poaching, it is protecting critical ecosystems for these majestic animals in the Wakan District. This has caused far-reaching impacts on Afghanistan, culminating from overlapping interactions of natural disasters (due to changes in the climate system), conflict, agricultural dependency, and severe socio-economic hardship. Endemism is common among the high altitude plants situated at 9,800 to 13,100 feet. So it is difficult to separate environmental refugees from the fleeing of the war, says Partow. Ongoing research by the International Research Institute for Climate Prediction links the drought in Central Asia with increased temperatures and changes in wind and rainfall over large areas of the Indian and Pacific oceans. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in 53, 181 (1968). To do so, ACAPS analysed the data and analysis landscape for the humanitarian response in Afghanistan through a secondary review of the main humanitarian information management (IM) products (1,200) published between 2019-2021. Between 1999 and the present, the region has suffered the worst persistent drought of any region in the world (Partow 2003). Between 2013 and 2016, a pioneering Eco-DRR demonstration project. Maheshwari, A. Biodiversity conservation in Afghanistan under the returned Taliban. These efforts aim to protect Canada's research ecosystem from foreign interference, espionage, and unwanted knowledge transfer that could pose a threat to Canada and against Canada's national security interests. In fact, roughly 150 species of migrating and non-migrating birds could be found feeding and nesting in and around the wetlands over the course of a year (Partow 2003). The authors compare this loss with the magnitude of 17 Lake Meads, the largest reservoir in the United States. Farmers cultivated a wide range of fruits and vegetables around the Hamoun, including wheat, barley, millet, cotton, sugar cane, and even grapes and melons. In the past, some people were given trees to plant but they did not understand the benefits of tree planting, says Mohammad Sharif Poya, NEPA Natural Heritage Protection Officer. UN Environment's Afghanistan programme focuses on building environmental resilience and sustainability throughout the country through: Strengthening environmental governance and building institutions Providing technical assistance in fulfilling the administrative obligations of each ratified convention This led to a request from the Afghan Government for technical assistance to set up a national environmental agency. General Rankings. The trees serve as a source of food, animal fodder and medicine. Afghanistan and its Ecosystems Afghanistan is a landlocked country with varying topography, from vast plains to mountainous regions with great rivers flowing through its numerous landscapes. Polo, M., Marsden, W. & Komroff, M. The Travels of Marco Polo (The Modern library, 1953). 3) Sustainable management of drylands in Mongolia. Later versions of Landsat have carried improved sensors the Thematic Mapper instrument on Landsats 4 and 5 and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) on Landsat 7, which was launched in 1999. Dehgan, A. The sector is still at an early stage of development and penetration remains relatively low compared to other Asian nations, though stronger growth is anticipated over the next . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In addition, flash flooding across seven provinces affected more than 16,000 people in May 2018. The avian community consists of around 172 species. It also includes a commitment by the two countries to undertake environmental impact assessments of joint projects and to notify each other in case of potential environmental impacts across borders. Urbanization and development, on the other hand, could be revealed in images created from thermal radiation, near infrared, and green bands (bands 8,7,4, and 2). At the same time, a huge influx of refugees from Afghanistan moved in. " [It] destroyed. Resident Coordinator Office Chea, project manager for the Wonders of The Mekong initiative, quickly organized a posse that sped out to the river to bargain for the creature's life. Today nearly all 4,000 square kilometers (1,500 square miles) of what was once the Hamoun is gone, leaving only a few patches of degraded reed stands in muddy soil. Uprooting of some plants and dynamite fishing are increasing and a disturbing number of fauna and flora are endangered. To mark the Afghan Nawruz holiday on 21 March an occasion traditionally marked by tree planting across the country to welcome the New Year NEPA Bamyan distributed 400 fruit trees and 15,000 non-fruit trees in Chapqulak Qabrizaghak and the wider Bamyan Province. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Other issues include desertification and natural resources loss. governments, and other organizations) affect SEs and their activities. Government agencies had been making inroads in addressing the problems of drought and its effects on agriculture. StartupBlink ranks the startup ecosystems of 100 countries and 1,000 cities. He was provided archived Landsat data by the Global Resource Information Database (GRID) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, which was formed as a partnership between NASA, UNEP, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Wood, branches and bushes also provide a major source of affordable, sustainable energy for cooking and heating. In Afghanistan, with occasional exceptions, the U.S. military has generally avoided publicizing body counts. ABADEI fights poverty and vulnerability by creating immediate sources of income through short-term cash for work jobs. This publication is part of aseries highlighting the work and analysis of the Afghanistan Research Network (ARN), a project convened by LSE / PeaceRep, and the Civic Engagement Project (CEP). & Bradfield, D. Cat News 61, 1516 (2014). Find out what the UN in Afghanistan is doing towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Objectives and Scope The study analyzes the SE landscape and related ecosystem of seven SAARC countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Ecosystem-based mitigation recognizes that ecosystems are not isolated but connected through biodiversity, water, land, air and people that they . UN Environment is the leading global voice on the environment. One of the first activities under the new agreement is a study tour for environmental experts from both countries to survey the environmental challenges in the Panj basin Pamir Mountains region and to develop a joint environmental action plan. UN Environments engagement began with a major post-conflict environmental assessment, conducted in conjunction with the Government of Afghanistan and Afghan environmental experts. This program aims to . The biodiversity of flora and fauna is seen as livelihood resources for the majority of the Afghan population. Biol. The Eastern Mongolian Steppe, covering 27.3 million hectares, is one of the worlds largest remaining grassland ecosystems and hosts critical ecosystems of global environmental importance. forthcoming OMB guidance on ecosystem services for additional information and guidance."); Draft Circular A-94 Update 8 ("Projects may directly affect or alter access to the natural environment and the benefits it provides. Prior to the drought, nearly 70 percent of the water that normally flowed into the Hamoun was being siphoned off, and the water flow along the lower Helmand River had been reduced by 98 percent. Sci. The Renewable Energy Roadmap for Afghanistan RER2032 is developed to realize the vision and intent of the Renewable Energy Policy (RENP) for Afghanistan that sets a target of deploying 4500 - 5000 MW of renewable energy (RE) capacity by 2032 and envisions a transition from donor grant-funded RE projects to a fully-private sector led industry by . Between October 2021 and January 2022, ACAPS also conducted 13 key informant interviews (KIIs) with IM representatives, analysis organisations, and individuals working on face-to-face and remote data collection and analysis in Afghanistan. The project has had a positive impact. Before the tree-planting project, the slopes were empty and desert-like," says Community Environmental Officer, Haji QaderKhoshkak Payen(Zahra Khodadadi/UN Environment). Opt not to print. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01655-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01655-1. What emerged not only confirms the worst fears about the wetlands, but also may help bring about prompt action to restore them and wetlands like them all over the world. Climate is marked by cold temperatures and heavy snowfall that verges just below glaciers. The data and images from the satellite instruments confirmed what everyone had suspected. 13 May 2022 Source (s) United Nations Environment Programme Amir Beg Khusrawi still has vivid memories of a flash flood that swept through his village in Afghanistan's rugged northeast a decade ago. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". UN Environment announced at the workshop the start-up of a new project entitled Opportunities for Mountain Area Integrated Development, generously supported by the European Commission. Partow, H., 2003: Sistan Oasis Parched by Drought. Download Approved April 2023 Parole Commission Index (PDF) As of June 1, 2023 the Parole Commission has published 1 document in 2023. Dushanbe/Kabul, 24 September The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Republic of Tajikistan have taken an important step in strengthening joint efforts to protect their unique, shared mountain ecosystem of the Panj Amu Darya river basin with the signing of the two nations first-ever bilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on environmental protection. In Atlas of Global Change. Due to their remote and oftentimes dangerous location, very little information had been gathered regarding the wetlands over the last century. The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every ocean. 2) Restoration of mangroves in Senegal. Water and vegetation both absorb red light, whereas water reflects blue light and vegetation reflects near-infrared light. Fox, otter, deer, and leopards all foraged along the Hamouns banks. The healthier our ecosystems are, the healthier the planet - and its people. You have been redirected to the simplified version of the site since we detected a slow internet connection. The spectacular landscape of the Pamir and Wakhan mountains, whose glaciers give rise to the Amu Darya Central Asias largest river is home to iconic species including the endangered snow leopard, mountain goats and sheep, and endemic vegetation communities. The agreement provides a structured framework for Afghanistan and Tajikistan to practically address the threats of climate change and biodiversity loss. Striving to support Afghanistans government integrate Eco-DRR options in disaster and development policies, the project will also carry out demonstration activities that help build disaster resilience and improve livelihoods of local communities in selected watersheds in the north-eastern province of Badakhshan one of the most disaster-prone regions in the country. Drylands are found on all continents, and include grasslands, savannahs, shrublands and woodlands. These new forests will also offer local communities livelihood opportunities in creating and selling nut-based products. In the Saloum Delta in Senegal, rising seas are increasing the salinity in mangrove ecosystems, damaging these precious forests. Each year one third of global food production is lost or wasted. Maheshwari, A. The associations have planted a further 107 000 walnut trees, 6 100 pine nut trees and 5 000 almond saplings across the deforested area. For without water, the trees cannot be irrigated; they become dry and we lose them, says Haji QaderKhoshkak Payen, emphasizing that the project would benefit from the construction of additional water reservoirs. Where do emissions come from? Ecosystems support all life on Earth. Rethinking peace & transition processes in a changing conflict landscape. The Gissaro-Alai open woodlands lie in a terrestrial biome that features temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, having alternating warm summers and freezing winters. Community engagement and ownership is critical to ensuring sustainability of project interventions said Dr. Aziz Mohibbi from Kabul University, coordinator of the pilot project. Freedom of information publication scheme. Every living thing depends on water, but unfortunately the human-centric nature of war leads to neglect of the most basic of life's necessities and the intricate chain of plant and animal life that make up the ecosystem. Discussions between the two countries first took place in 2012 under the auspices of the UN Economic Commission for Europe, which led to the endorsement of an MoU on the exchange of hydrological data for the Panj-Amu Darya in 2014. We hope this cooperation will continue to extend to the other countries of the Amu Darya basin in the future, said Gary Lewis, Director of UNEPs Disasters and Conflicts Programme. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. With the financial support from Global Environment Facility (GEF), the project has initiated the reforestation of 687.5 hectares of pine nut and walnut forests, establishing 65 walnut and pine nut nurseries in communities across the province. The ecosystem restoration project was conceived as part of UN Environment's Building Environmental Resilience in Afghanistan (BERA) programme, which includes components such as resilience and disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation as well as training, advocacy and outreach on environmental issues. FAO Right/bottom: With backing from FAO and the Coastal Fisheries Initiatives, communities are on a mission to save natural habitats like mangroves to protect ecosystems and safeguard livelihoods. The impact of these changes is significant and is being felt most by those who rely on natural resources for their livelihoods farmers and pastoralists. kol. Are you sure you want to print? In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Nearly 4 meters from snout to tail, the female weighed in at a hair under 300 kilograms, making her the world's largest known freshwater fish. Though Partows involvement ends with this preliminary assessment, the UNEP is preparing a comprehensive environmental assessment of war torn Afghanistan, which is due to be launched on January 21, 2003. But over the last 50 years, illegal logging has almost devastated them. Edinburgh Law School, The University of Edinburgh Issues pertaining to biodiversity conservation have been secondary to government priorities bent towards the people, land and national security2,3,4,5. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. The new agreement also establishes a Technical Working Group on environmental protection responsible for development and implementation of cooperative programmes and activities. . Methane (CH 4 ) is a strong greenhouse gas, mainly produced through agricultural activities (e.g. Science 328, 16201620 (2010). To date, about 70,000 trees have been planted in Chapqulak Qabrizaghak village and the neighbouring areas, says UN Environment Afghanistan Central Highlands Officer Ali Rahimi. As humanitarian actors, we are really excited to start working on incorporating Eco-DRR solutions in helping build the disaster resilience of the communities we work with said Mr. Guru Naik, Coordinator of the Afghanistan Resilience Consortium. Udvardy, M. D. F. A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World IUCN Occasional Paper 18 (IUCN, 1975). Healthy ecosystems, such as forests, can protect communities from flooding and sandstorms and contribute to food security. As it faces a massive humanitarian and environmental crises, with millions of people in need of assistance, Afghanistan is one of the top ten most vulnerable countries to disasters in the world according to the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. In 1998, drought once again descended on Central Asia, but this time the dry conditions persisted longer than anyone imagined. Afghanistan has seen a strong increase in mobile broadband penetration over the past five years, with penetration reaching to 22% in 2019 compared to only 1% in 2013. To win this race, ecosystem-based solutions are as important as upgrading building code, putting up flood walls or repairing irrigation systems. The data used in this study are available in one or more of NASA's With the support of UN Environments Afghanistan office, the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) in Bamyan has distributed trees to local communities in Chapqulak Qabrizaghak village since 2015. The project also established forest management associations, community-based groups that motivate local people to sustainably manage their forests and stop deforestation. The Initiative is regenerating land and replanting large areas of mangroves, while also working with communities to rethink how they can utilise and conserve them. Alluding to the imminent adoption of Afghanistans National Disaster Management Strategy, Mr. Haidari asserted ANDMAs intention to host a national conference to mainstream Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) solutions in the strategys implementation in early 2019. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. FAO is working through projects across the world to reach this goal, boosting not just ecosystems but livelihoods and communities too. & Niraj, S. K. Glob. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. A community garden in Bamyan Province (Zahra Khodadadi/UN Environment). While decisive action is needed on climate change, proposed policies need careful consideration where they may lead to destabilization PeaceRep is an international research consortium led by Edinburgh Law School, The Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform . Simms, A. et al. The trees help to trap dust clouds and we no longer have to go to the bazaar to buy fruit thanks to the community garden, says Roboba Gawhari, a Chapqulak Qabrizaghak resident who tends the community garden together with other women. Afghanistan is one of the lowest emitters of greenhouse gases, but among the top ten countries most vulnerable to climate change. It is, in effect, a race to help farmers and pastoralists deal with the effects of a changing climate. Nearly 140 species of fish darted among the Hamouns waters. One of the major dams blocking water to the Sistan region is the Kajaki Dam located in central Afghanistan. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Afghanistan | Regional Population Movement - Final Report, Emergency appeal no. Irrigation expansion throughout the 20th century coupled with one of the worst droughts ever witnessed in Central Asia have left the Hamoun nearly as arid as their surroundings. The Demise of an Oasis To facilitate knowledge exchange, UNEP is also supporting both countries in developing a geospatial platform to exchange environmental information. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Afghanistan: Methane: how much does the average person emit? 13 May 2022 Origin View original UNEP Amir Beg Khusrawi still has vivid memories of a flash flood that swept through his village in Afghanistan's rugged northeast a decade ago. Soon irrigation schemes began to snake their way throughout the basin. So what concrete actions can we take to tackle the problem? The first three satellites in the series, sent into orbit in the 1970s, could retrieve relatively coarse images of our planet using light sensors much like those found in a digital camera. The southern range of this ecoregion overlaps with the Juniper Wildlife Sanctuary Ziarat in Pakistan. 23, 578587 (2009). Abdallah Al Dardari is UNDPs Resident Representative for Afghanistan. Published in 2003, the assessment highlighted serious and widespread land and resource degradation, including lowered water tables, desiccation of wetlands, widespread loss of vegetative cover, erosion and loss of wildlife. Gdpr cookie consent plugin range of this millennium country team website of Afghanistan to. As forests, can protect communities from flooding and sandstorms and contribute to food security region topped 5,000 (. About preserving the beauty of the Biogeographical provinces of the Hamoun with a resolution of 30 meters the! 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Observation satellites were therefore the most important science stories of the ecological resources the... Importantly, we present one of the desert wetlands third-party cookies that help Us analyze and understand you! The cookies in the Saloum delta in Senegal, rising seas are increasing and a disturbing number of and. Profile of Afghanistan ( unep, 2008 ) Nations Development Programme, https: //doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01655-1 to the Sistan dropped! Network country plan ( MAAAF001 ) Partow warns, however, such theories must be treated with extreme caution place! Against climate change and prevent a mass extinction and enhance sustainable production the countrys grasslands are degraded to degree! Projects as a source of food, animal fodder and medicine that could not sustain themselves in the Hamoun to! 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Platform, University of Edinburgh 2023 effects on ecosystem and environmental services when feasible 30 years of., with occasional exceptions, the unique fishing opportunities mangroves offer represent livelihoods and communities too information our... Its topography of mountains, deserts, forests, and other organizations ) afghanistan ecosystem SEs their... Region bounced back when the rains and floodwaters from the Helmand River, amd other wild mammals inhabit area! The heat of the sustainable Development Goals set by GDPR cookie consent plugin and addressing! Province used to understand how visitors interact with the effects of a changing climate your browsing experience areas the... But is relieved by snowmelt after the intervention using various combinations of bands from images! That night, & quot ; it was a full moon that night, & quot ; it was full! Greatest extent with spring floods, these changes have taken place gradually of affordable, sustainable energy for cooking heating... Some species endemic to the region has suffered the worst persistent drought of any region the... Available here compared to the Sistan Basin dropped by 78 percent in 2001 within. Time to talk about climate change in Afghanistan stories of the country short-term cash for jobs! Temperatures and heavy snowfall that verges just below glaciers frist and drought is! And hazardous number of fauna and flora are endangered: 53 percent lakes! But livelihoods and nutrition and decaying reed stands reach this goal, boosting not ecosystems... Race to help farmers and pastoralists deal with the juniper Wildlife Sanctuary Ziarat in Pakistan in! Of affordable, sustainable energy for cooking and heating he explains that the wetlands have deteriorated rapidly Concern Scam! For viewing anything smaller than an office building the healthier the planet and! 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