Another member of the Apostolic Movement and leader of the Emanuel Church in Santiago de Cuba, Alain Toledano Valiente, reported to CSW that police had summoned him three times during the year. Although nearly 90 percent of the population was nominally Roman Catholic in pre-revolutionary Cuba, the number of practicing Roman Catholics was probably less than 10 percent. Some parishes also offer soup kitchens, medicines, and some form of parochial education for children, all of which are at risk since they technically compete with the Cuban Government's desire for complete control over the provision of social services. These African religions include Yoruba, which originated in Nigeria and Benin. Culture / By Jim Stanton Cuba is a region that displays an incredibly culturally diverse religious background. According to Sandor Perez Pita, known in the Rastafarian world as Rassandino, reggae was not allowed on most state radio stations and concert venues, and Rastafarians were consistently targeted in government crackdowns on drugs, incarcerating them for their supposed association with drugs without presenting evidence of actual drug possession or trafficking. The relief work of Caritas and various parishes after the 2008 hurricanes has earned the Church some additional street credibility. Authorities also subjected Rastafarians to discrimination for their clothing and hairstyles, including through segregation of Rastafarian schoolchildren and employment discrimination against Rastafarian adults. The U.S. government estimates the total population at 11.1 million (midyear 2019 estimate). I also see how Castros beliefs shaped the identities of those who left the island, but also of those Cubans who were left behind. Read our Privacy Policy. EchoCuba reported the government continued to apply its system of rewarding churches obedient and sympathetic to revolutionary values and ideals and penalizing those that were not. While some visas were issued for additional priests to enter Cuba around the time of the visit, this practice has once again become extremely limited. In April media reported authorities arrested and sentenced homeschooling advocates Reverend Ramon Rigal and his wife Ayda Exposito for their refusal to send their children to government-run schools for religious reasons. There is also a strong gender divide when it comes to church attendancealthough men are active participants in Santera, very few attend Christian church services. In most instances, the accounts posting attacks targeting religious leaders seemed to be linked to state security. In public statements and through social media postings, U.S. government officials, including the President and Secretary of State, continued to call upon the government to respect its citizens fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of religion and expression. In more recent history, Afro-Cuban religions have come to be practiced in a more public manner and have been embraced by the government as a form of popular folklore. A vendor sells small statues of Cubas patron saint, Our Lady of Charity, during a Santeria ceremony at the annual Caribbean Festival in Loma del Cimarron, El Cobre, Cuba. Many religious groups said their inability to obtain legal registration impeded the ability of adherents to practice their religion. Similarly, the government continued to reward cooperative religious leaders and threatened revocation of rights for noncooperative leaders. In spite of its history of marginalization under the Castro regime, today the number of practicing Christians on the island is growing. She and other Ladies in White members were frequently physically abused while in police custody, as shown by videos of their arrests. According to CSW, on December 11, education authorities forbade sons from entering the school if they wore the kippah. Pope Benedict XVI concluded his first official visit to Cuba on March 27, 2012 after meeting with former President Fidel Castro and holding a mass before a multitude gathered in Havana's Revolution Plaza. Initially was very hesitant to book with Anywhere since they are a smaller company but they really went above and beyond We have now used the services of anwhere.com for trips to Cuba and Peru. The majority of religious groups reported little interference from the government in conducting their services and saw improvement in their ability to import religious materials, receive donations from overseas, and travel abroad to attend conferences and religious events. I would recommend Anywhere.com to anyone who is looking to travel to the destinations that they coordinate. Fidel Castro, right, and Pope John Paul II are seen during a welcoming ceremony in Havana, Cuba in this file photo from Jan. 21, 1998. But in 1961 he dismantled the Catholic school system, arguably where Catholicism held its greatest influence on Cubans since many nonpracticing Catholics send their children to Catholic schools. Media reported that police continued their repeated physical assaults against members of the Ladies in White, a rights advocacy organization, on their way to Mass. The ORA regulates religious institutions and the practice of religion. The leadership of Jehovahs Witnesses and Seventh-day Adventists stated that mistreatment and job discrimination, which had been particularly harsh in the past, were now rare and that their members were usually exempted from political activities at school. According to religious leaders and former prisoners, authorities continued to deny prisoners, including political prisoners, pastoral visits and the ability to meet with other prisoners for worship, prayer, and study. The Office of Religious Affairs allowed this but required that recognized groups seek approval for each proposed location through a separate registration process. His taxi was stopped in what first appeared to be a routine police check, but a state security agent came to the checkpoint, interrogated him for an hour and a half, and threatened him with prison if he continued to work for this organization. He also persuaded Castro to reinstate Good Friday as an official holiday. Reportedly, it continued to be easier for larger, more organized churches to receive large donations, while smaller, less formal churches continued to face difficulties with banking procedures. Children of Cuban exiles the diaspora community of Cubans that left the island after Castros 1959 revolution have lived in a constant state of alienation, loss, anger, pity and love for those Cubans that remained on the island. According to CSW, The use of government bureaucracies and endless requirements for permits that can be arbitrarily cancelled at any time is typical of the way the Cuban government seeks to control and restrict freedom of religion or belief on the island. So, how can we look at Castros legacy today, particularly from the way he shaped the religious identity of Cuba? According to some observers, Pentecostals and Baptists are likely the largest Protestant denominations. Section I. Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. These religious practices are commonly intermingled with Catholicism, and some require Catholic baptism for full initiation, making it difficult to estimate accurately their total membership. Diaz Paseiro, imprisoned since November 2017 and recognized by Amnesty International as a prisoner of conscience, was beaten, prohibited from receiving visits or phone calls, denied medical and religious care, and confined to a punishment cell. According to the U.S-based Patmos Institute, police summoned and interrogated Yoruba priest Loreto Hernandez Garcia, vice president of the Free Yorubas of Cuba, which was founded in 2012 by Yorubas who disagreed with the Yoruba Cultural Association of Cuba, which they allege is controlled by the ORA. The Methodist Church reportedly submitted all necessary ownership documentation; government officials told them the Churchs case was valid but took no action during the year. Another couple in their church was also sentenced to prison for refusing to send their children to state schools. International faith-based charitable operations such as Caritas, SantEgidio, and the Salvation Army maintained local offices in Havana. The feast day of St. Barbara is one of the most significant Cuban religious feast days. Castro himself was educated by Jesuits, citing their teachings as a source for his sense of discipline and justice. Some reported warnings from the agents and officials that the education of their children, or their own employment, could be threatened if the house church leaders continued with their activities. According to the constitution, the state recognizes, respects, and guarantees religious liberty and distinct beliefs and religions enjoy equal consideration. The constitution prohibits discrimination based on religious beliefs. Afro-Cuban religions such as Santera, spiritual practices such as Espiritismo (Spiritism) and other practices that came as a result of the fusion of different faith traditions overwhelmingly mark the religious landscape in Cuba. CSW reported authorities continued to rely on two 2005 government resolutions to impose complicated and repressive restrictions on house churches. note: folk religions include religions of African origin, spiritualism, and others intermingled with Catholicism or Protestantism; data is estimative because no authoritative source on religious affiliation exists for Cuba . In colonial days, slaves would mask their beliefs in orishas by marking them with Catholic imagery and rituals. EchoCuba said individual churches and denominations or religious groups also experienced different levels of consideration by the government depending on the leadership of those groups and their relationship with the government. Although Fidel Castros government was officially atheist from the 1960s until 1992, more than half of Cubans still consider themselves Catholic. ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; Reports indicated the groups members typically attempted to attend Mass and then gathered to protest the governments human rights abuses. Christian > Mormon > Members : Membership. While many Cubans identify as Catholic, they often do not go to great lengths to demonstrate outward signs of their faith. arrival of Catholicism and African religions, Our Lady of Charity, the patron saint of Cuba, attend church without fear of retribution, Kit de communication pour les institution membres. According to Patmos, the government denied a considerable number of religious visas, including to a group of missionaries from Florida that had visited annually to rebuild temples. Some religious groups found it easier to bring in foreign religious workers and restore houses of worship. According to Patmos, the Rastafarians, whose spiritual leader remained imprisoned since 2012, were among the most stigmatized and repressed religious groups. These traditions survive in fairly marginalized parts of society. Several Protestant communities continued to offer bachelors or masters degrees in theology, the humanities, and related subjects via distance learning; however, the government did not recognize these degrees. The Nuevitas municipal director of education imposed the kippah ban after a government commission found a school guard guilty of failing to protect the older of the two boys, who had been beaten by fellow students on a regular basis for several months. Berean Baptist Church, whose request for registration was pending since 1997, could not repair existing church buildings because as an unregistered group it could not request the necessary permits. On December 18, in accordance with the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, as amended, the Secretary of State placed Cuba on the Special Watch List for having engaged in or tolerated severe violations of religious freedom. 2 Religious syncretism. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Office of the U.S. Special Presidential Coordinator for the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Membership in other religions, including Judaism, was limited. It was the first country-wide religious procession permitted since the Cuban revolution. Castros ashes will be interned in Santa Ifigenia Cemetery in Santiago de Cuba a place of religious and national significance. According to CSW, following the passage of the constitution, which was criticized by some religious groups, the government increased pressure on religious leaders, including through violence, detentions, and threats; restricting the right of prisoners to practice religion freely; and limiting or blocking international and domestic travel. To this day, religious organizations have to deal with government interference. Officers approached and arrested Quinones while he was interviewing a daughter of two Protestant pastors facing charges because they wanted to homeschool their children because of hostility and bullying their children were subject to in state schools due to their faith. In March an officer informed Yoel Ruiz Solis in Pinar del Rio that he was operating an illegal church in his home and threatened to confiscate his house and open criminal proceedings against him. 2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Cuba, An official website of the United States Government. Patmos reported that on August 9, Yoel Suarez Fernandez was detained and threatened for reporting on the Rigal and Quinones cases, and authorities confiscated his phone. According to the Islamic League, there are approximately 6,000 to 8,000 Muslims, although only an estimated 1,000 are Cubans. According to human rights advocacy organization Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) and religious leaders, however, the Cuban Communist Party (CCP), through its Office of Religious Affairs (ORA) and the Ministry of Justice (MOJ), continued to control most aspects of religious life. If an individual registers a complaint against a church, the house church may be closed permanently and members may be subject to imprisonment. According to religious leaders, the government continued to selectively prevent some religious groups from establishing accredited schools but did not interfere with the efforts of some religious groups to operate seminaries, interfaith training centers, before- and after-school programs, eldercare programs, weekend retreats, workshops for primary and secondary students, and higher education programs. In some cases, the government held up religious materials or blocked them altogether. Other denominations, especially Protestants, reported similar problems with the government prohibiting them from expanding their places of worship by threatening to dismantle or expropriate churches because they were holding illegal services. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'globalsecurity_org-box-4','ezslot_5',128,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-box-4-0'); Religious organizations reported significant ability to attract new members without government interference. Instead, as a daughter of Cuban exiles, I experienced a mix of all those emotions. Jehovahs Witnesses reported approximately 94,000 members; Seventh-day Adventists and Methodists each estimated 30,000; Anglicans, 22,000; Presbyterians, 15,000; Quakers, 300; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 50. According CSW, Christian leaders from all denominations said there was a scarcity of Bibles and other religious literature, primarily in rural areas. The Hidden Treasure of Travel Agency ( that shouldn't be anymore )! The Law of Associations requires all religious groups to apply to the MOJ for official registration. In the run-up to the constitutional referendum, Pastor Sandy Cancino, who had been publicly critical of the draft constitution, was criticized on social media and accused of being a religious fundamentalist paid by the imperialists.. Ral Castro has stated that he considered returning to the Catholic Church after a recent meeting with Pope Francis. This was our third time using Anywhere to help us create an adventure (Costa Rica, Belize, Cuba). The Catholic Church continued to publish periodicals and hold regular forums at the Varela Center that sometimes criticized official social and economic policies. These restrictions made it difficult or impossible for pastors relocating to a different ministry to obtain government services, including housing. It declares the country is a secular state and provides for the separation of religious institutions and the state. Two house churches of the same denomination may not exist within two kilometers (1.2 miles) of one another and detailed information including the number of worshippers, dates and times of services, and the names and ages of all inhabitants of the house in which services are held must be provided to authorities. The Catholic Church continued to offer coursework, including entrepreneurial training leading to a bachelors and masters degree through foreign partners. These religious practices are commonly intermingled with Catholicism, and some even require Catholic baptism for full initiation, making it difficult to estimate accurately the total membership of these syncretistic groups. CSW reported a new development in the governments use of social media to harass and defame religious leaders. According to CSW, many religious groups continued to state their lack of legal registration impeded their ability to practice their religion. According to CSW, in July and November, authorities detained, without charges, Ricardo Fernandez Izaguirre, a member of the Apostolic Movement and journalist. 7 Of the Yoruba religion, the most popular Orishas. container.style.maxWidth = container.style.minWidth + 'px'; He said authorities opposed the construction of a new church (authorities demolished the previous Emanuel Church and detained hundreds of church members in 2016), even though he had the permits to build the new church. Legal restrictions on travel within the country also limited itinerant ministry, a central component of some religious groups. The largest group of Buddhists is the Japanese Soka Gakkai; its estimated membership is 1,000. Santera conflates Catholic saints with deities from western Africa. Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom, Section IV. Religious Demography The U.S. government estimates the total population at 11 million (midyear 2021). According to media, authorities specifically harassed and threatened journalists reporting specifically on abuses of religious freedom. Religion Religious affiliation in Cuba 2020 Published by Teresa Romero , Jun 21, 2022 In 2021, 61.7 percent of the Cuban population followed Christianity. #ga-ad {display: none;} Some religious groups were only able to register a small percentage of their house churches. In practice, most unregistered house churches operated with little or no interference from the government. In October state security officials reportedly summoned and interrogated a Protestant leader and a Catholic leader, warning both to leave their churches for their counterrevolutionary activities and threatening them with imprisonment if they did not comply. Many house church leaders continued to report frequent visits from state security agents or CCP officials. I told them the type of vacation and experiences I wanted and they somehow found the most perf We had our first trip to Cuba in January. Contents show The country was known as an atheist state from Castro's prevalence over the region, however, the majority of people living in the region today, do in fact, have a religious practice. According to media, in August the ORA informed Catholic leaders that it had cancelled the annual Catholic public youth day celebrations, except in the city of Santiago. CSW reported that, before the passage of the constitutional referendum in February, officials told religious leaders they would be charged as mercenaries and counterrevolutionaries if they did not vote for the new constitution. Reportedly because of internal restrictions on movement, government agencies regularly refused to recognize a change in residence for pastors and other church leaders assigned to a new church or parish. During the year the Catholic Church and some other churches were able to print periodicals and operate their own Web sites with little or no censorship. Patmos reported that on October 31, authorities detained, interrogated, and threatened Velmis Adriana Marino Gonzalez for two hours for leading a female Apostolic movement. Groups failing to register face penalties ranging from fines to closure of their organizations and confiscation of their property. Although there are far fewer Protestants than Catholics and Cuba, there is evidence that the Protestant faction has more potential in the long-term. We had changes to be made, and they were done so with ease. 4 Cachita, Patroness of Cuba. On October 23, Ambassador to the United States Jose Cabanas met with the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ in Salt Lake City and told church leaders the denomination was welcome in Cuba; however, the ORA did not approve the Churchs registration by years end. The ministry stated the deeds had been lost. The groups often discussed the challenges of daily life in the country, including obtaining government permission for certain activities, and difficulty for local and U.S. churches to maintain connections in the face of increasing travel restrictions imposed by the government that prevented religious leaders from leaving the country, and increased refusal rates of visas for U.S. travelers to Cuba for religious purposes. The government is subordinate to the Communist Party; the partys organ, the ORA, enlists the MOJ and the security services to control religious practice in the country. Castro will be buried on Dec. 4, the feast day of St. Barbara blended in the Afro-Cuban faith with Chang, the lord of lightning and thunder and the symbol of male power and sexuality. According to some observers, Pentecostals and Baptists are likely the largest Protestant denominations. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. The law regulates the registration of house churches (private residences used as places of worship). window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'stat_source_id', 44); Today, religion on the island, like Cuba itself, is much more intricate than the Catholic Church. var lo = new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent); The Community of SantEgidio, recognized by the Catholic Church as a Church public lay association, again held an 800-person interfaith meeting Bridges of Peace in Havana on September 22-23 to promote interreligious engagement, tolerance, and joint efforts towards peace. 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